If you are interested to join with this bidding, please submit your proposal, work plan, and budget to Hasto.Teguh@plan-international.org and Wahdini.Hakim@plan-international.org, not later than March 2nd, 2010.
Thank you very much and looking forward for your respond.
Food and Nutrition Security Project (IDN0120) Evaluation Terms of Reference
Background
In West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) and East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) provinces of Indonesia, child undernutrition is one of the foremost critical constraints in child development. Undernutrition implies the negative imbalance between the nutrients the body needs and what it receives. This condition is far more common in areas where Plan works, and will be the program’s focus.
Research (University of Indonesia, 2006 and Bogor Agriculture Institute, 2007) commissioned by Plan showed that – as always - undernutrition has many underlying causes, but in NTT some very specific root causes were poor caring practices within households, very limited diversity in diets especially of <5 children, poor food quality, high child morbidity with especially diarrhea and malaria affecting nutrient intake, limited carrying capacity for food production affected by erratic rains and long dry spells, and limited livelihood opportunities beyond farming. Lack of awareness and knowledge about good nutrition was a contributing factor to a number of these causes.
Responding to the above mentioned empirical evidence, Plan Indonesia developed and implemented a program approach that addressed food and nutrition security in an integrated way. The program was essentially a learning project with the following overall goal:
- To develop integrated Food & Nutrition interventions with evidence effect in reducing child undernutrition to be used for replication in Indonesia and elsewhere.
- To contribute to national and international insights into the development of an integrated food and nutrition security program interventions in order to reduce child undernutrition
The specific goal of this program is:
To reduce child undernutrition by 5%, in Plan’s program areas of Lembata, Sikka and Dompu by year 2010 (end of program)
The program was actually expected also contribute to combating child undernutrition in Nusa Tenggara provinces of Indonesia.This program thus has two distinct elements:
- The first one being pilot projecting in 3 PU’s of Dompu, Sikka and Lembata aimed at developing & implementing a model of integrated Food & Nutrition Security with proven evidence of reducing undernutrition among children.
- The second element was focused on organizational learning and aims at documenting a set of effective integrated Food & Nutrition Security interventions and shares these models within Plan Indonesia, in Plan-wide food & nutrition networks, at national and international networks. As such the project will strengthen and institutionalize learning in the organization.
- Interventions that directly address affected households or those at risk (e.g. focusing on caring practices, food production or access to food)
- Community-based interventions, such as sanitation, awareness rising, Posyandu strengthening, etc.
This program will be ended on 31 December 2009 and refer to Grant Agreement Document for IDN0120, it is required to conduct the evaluation to evaluate this project with due date at March 2010.
Objectives
The objective of this evaluation is to assess the achievement of project goal with:
- Assessing the project achievement as mentioned by indicators on project logical framework
- Assessing effectiveness and efficiency of this program in achieving program goal and objectives
- Assessing the relevance of the program models and implementation towards undernutrition situation among children in Lembata, Sikka, and Dompu.
- Identifying the equal access among children to qualified community based health services
- Assessing monitoring, reporting, and learning process within this program in supporting program accountability to community and partners.
- Identifying possibility of impact and effort to sustainability of this program towards the reducing child under-nutrition and its replication to other areas.
This evaluation will be conducted with using qualitative approach, completing with qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques, such as secondary data collection and review, Focused Group Discussion/FGD, In Depth Interview/IDI, and observation.
Technique and the targets are as follow:
- Technique Target Number
- FGD Cadres 8 – 10 persons per village
- Parents of CU5 (Male) 8 – 10 persons per village
- Parents of CU5 (Female) 8 – 10 persons per village
- Village Food and Nutrition Committee (VFC) member 8 – 10 persons per village
- Community members 8 – 10 persons per village
- IDI Midwife 1
- Village head 1
- Head of VFC 1
- Related government officials (District Health Office, District Food Security Office, etc.) 1 – 3 persons
- Plan Staffs (Nusa Tenggara Area Manager, Health Specialist, FNS Project Manager, Health Area Coordinator, FNS Project Officers, PUMs, RDCs) 12 persons
- The secondary data collection and review can refer to monitoring data (see on Appendix 2.).
- This evaluation will be conducted in Lembata, Sikka, and Dompu Districts, with hiring external consultant through bidding process. The candidates are expected to send evaluation design, completed with research question, methodology, data collection techniques, requirement tools, work plan, and budget, to support evaluation process. The research design must include Plan and other documents review.
- Team Leader/Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) Specialist
The lead consultant must have the following qualifications:- Substantial experience of FNS program, preferably with child rights or child centered approaches, gender analysis (in particular gender in FNS program), and corresponding academic qualifications,
- Substantial evaluation experience of FNS programs
- Experience of working with government departments, agencies, NGOs, and INGOs
- Having experience to implement FNS program in school will be an added value
- Excellent spoken and written communication skills in English and Bahasa Indonesia
- A high degree of inter-sectoral development experience and capacity to manage an interdisciplinary team of consultants, synthesize data and findings of the study, and write a report in compliance with Plan’s requirements and specifications.
- Duties and responsibilities:
Take overall responsibility for the evaluation including supervision and coordination of the team of consultants, fieldwork, data processing and analysis, inception report and the production of the draft and final reports. Take overall responsibilities for the evaluation of the FNS program.
- Community Development Specialist
Should have the following qualifications:- Professional qualifications and substantial experience in community development with participatory approach, preferably with child centered and gender approach.
- Competencies and experience in designing and implementing community development.
- Experience in conducting research and evaluations in community development sector.
- Duties and responsibilities:
Take overall responsibility for the review and evaluation of community development approach process in developing FNS program.
Time frame and outputs
Period Activity
- Feb 24 TOR approval
- Feb 24 ToR will be shared with potential candidates/ institutions
- Mar 2 Interested organizations/ team submit proposal, work plan, and budget
- Mar 3 – 5 Selection of consultant and noticement of the winner
- Mar 8 - 9 Meeting with winning consultant
- Mar 12 Contract finalization
- Mar 15 Start of field assignment
- Apr 2 End of field assignment
- Apr 9 Consultant submit summary of key findings and recommendations to Plan
- Apr 16 Draft report submitted to Plan
- Apr 23 Plan to comment on draft report
- Apr 30 Final report submitted to Plan
- Contractual arrangements
- Financial arrangements
- Collect and submit program related data as requested by team
- Arrange appointments and field visits for team
- Provide support in documentation and publication / printing
- Provide feedback as scheduled in TOR
- Settle payments in line with agreement
Reporting requirements
- The submission of a work plan should include the detailed study design and plan of action to be submitted in English.
- Submission of a summary of key findings, conclusions, and recommendation max. 5 page note containing 1. Major findings and observations; 2. Conclusions; and 3. Recommendations; to be submitted in both Bahasa Indonesia and English version
- The submission of the draft report in English with the following format
- Executive summary
- Introduction
- Objectives and approach of the evaluation
- Evaluation results
- Conclusions and recommendations
- Annexes
Total length max. 50 pages (sections 1-5) plus annexes.
In addition to general review and assessment of the program, the report must specifically address all evaluation objectives above. - Submission of final report in English and Bahasa Indonesia with similar format as the draft report.
Appendix 1. Child Centered Community Development
CHILD CENTRED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN PLAN
(Approved by the International Board in November 2003)
Introduction
Plan knows that children and their development must be understood and promoted within the context of their communities. We are committed to ensuring that children are at the heart of community development and we recognise that, for children now and in the future, community is not only local but also global. Consequently Plan must respond to this new paradigm by building on what we have already learned. We recognise that efficient and effective community development that will transform the lives and opportunities of children, their families and their communities can only be achieved through an integrated approach that recognises the complex systems that continue to keep millions of children living in poverty. The way we organise our work must reflect our understanding of these complexities and Plan has a strategic advantage due to our long term commitment to communities and the trust we have built with national governments and our constituencies in the
‘developed world’.
Child Centred Community Development builds on Plan’s long experience of working with children and communities. This is not a new development for Plan; it is the weaving together of many strands of experience in all parts of the organisation and at all levels into a coherent approach. We have seen and proven to our sponsors and donors that positive development is achieved by poor children, families and communities participating in and taking ownership of their own development. In short, they are the ‘experts’ of what it means to live in poverty and, with the relevant information and support that Plan can provide, they can effect positive change. Through its community, national and international trust and reputation, Plan has a unique opportunity to assist poor children and their communities to have their voices heard at the highest levels in order to make a difference in addressing the root causes of child poverty and realising children’s rights.
We know from experience that child poverty is distinct from adult poverty for four reasons:
• Poverty in childhood has a long term impact on the individual.
• In a population, children are disproportionately poor.
• Child poverty is hidden within households.
• Children’s potentials are undervalued.
Child Centred Community Development is an inclusive, non-discriminatory approach that focuses on the child in his/her context, reflects good development practice and incorporates qualities that are important for effective and sustainable people-centred development. It articulates Plan’s work in light of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Human Development Indicators and the Millennium Development Goals.
Child Centred Community Development has the potential to be Plan’s organisational identity and will enable us to work coherently at a global operational level towards our Vision. However, it is more than an operational framework and to be effective it must incorporate all the Strategic Directions approved by the Board and provide a unique branding for the organisation.
In all of this, sponsorship is a key element of Child Centred Community Development and places Plan, without apology, on the development platform with our communities, donors, governments and peer agencies. Through sponsorship, we have the potential for building global commitment for change and we have existing and potential communication channels in order to engage our constituencies and explain the reality of poverty and the lack of entitlement that children face.
The external operating environment is one of ‘donor fatigue’ and the time is right for us to engage our sponsors at a different level and to significantly bridge ‘the commitment gap’. In order to capitalise on this opportunity, Plan will change its communication profile and enable children to represent themselves and other children in their communities whether they are sponsored or not. National Organisations and Country Offices have already given us a lead with their decision to bring children into their decision making or advisory structures and we now have the potential and opportunity to ensure that the communication relationship between children in the South with adults and children in the North and vice versa can become more meaningful to all children and sponsors. If Plan fails to seize this opportunity it is missing a unique window.
Plan’s challenge is to ensure it makes its identity in sponsorship a meaningful development reality in a changing world. It has the means to do this, but it will require changes and a more vigorous approach to engage sponsors who are already more informed about development issues but like the idea of putting a name and situation to the issue or sponsors or who want to deepen their understanding of what they read in the newspapers or on the internet. Child Centred Community Development provides Plan with an opportunity to engage sponsors and donors with the issues facing all children living in poverty and for the engagement of the heart and mind with the day to day reality of children living in abject poverty.
Definition
Child centred community development is a rights-based approach in which children, families and communities are active and leading participants in their own development. It enhances their capacity and opportunity to work together with others to address structural causes and consequences of child poverty at all levels.
Foundations
(i) Rights and principles
Plan’s program principles are our values in Child Centred Community Development.
Child centredness mandates our programs to focus on improving children’s lives and is how we strive for the realisation of children’s rights within the broader context of human rights. We recognise the inherent capacity of people (children and adults) to act for their own and their community’s good.
Gender equity establishes the concept of fairness and equity between the sexes.
Empowerment and sustainability recognises the importance of communities managing their own development processes and participating at all levels in their society. Integration and Cooperation establish and support the need to work in partnership and coordination with others.
Child Centred Community Development requires us to ensure the principles are put into practice in the way we work, whilst recognising that we cannot address every rights violation without losing focus. Rather, we need to work more effectively with others, identifying partners and working collaboratively with those groups and organisations that have complementary skills and expertise, encouraging them to work together with children and communities to address the issues preventing them from reaching their potential.
(ii) Civil society
Weak structures fail to respond to, and often exacerbate, the issues faced by people living in poverty. It is necessary to strengthen these and increase the capacity of families and communities living in poverty so that they can raise and address the concerns of marginalized groups to local and national governments. Starting with the families and children, we work with people living in poverty, supporting and mobilising their resources and capacity to organise and act in the advancement of their interests.
Fundamental to tackling poverty and creating sustainability is the recognition that communities are not homogeneous or necessarily just, and that elites exist in all communities. Through strengthening the participation of community-based organisations and nurturing inclusion, Plan can help to identify the poorest and build community organisations around them and their needs rather than around those of the elites. Participatory democracy promotes public good at the community level. Democratic organisations rooted in the communities can limit abuses of concentrated power and promote government accountability towards the whole population, demanding better quality services from state institutions and government. By helping to strengthen community-based organisations and building capacity, Plan expects to further encourage social mobilisation.
Child Centred Community Development addresses children’s concerns at all levels; it is firmly rooted in the child’s community but effecting change at this level alone does not create sustainable improvement for as many children as possible. Consequently Plan has a role to play in raising these concerns from community to district, national and international levels. Our approach empowers people to mobilise and influence policy change at all these levels. Building relationships and constituencies, facilitated through development education and advocacy in program and donor countries, are important to further civil society participation. Plan is in a position and has the legitimacy to create global constituencies around issues that negatively affect children as we witness the impact from the family to the international level.
(iii) Scaling up
The symptoms of poverty are local, but the causes are national and global and individuals, families and communities should not be considered separate from the larger society. Core causes of local issues should be identified so that innovative activities in one community can serve as a model for replication and be mainstreamed into institutions serving children and their families, e.g. schools and health services. Scaling up depends both on local empowerment and mainstream institutions that provide people living in poverty with opportunities and access to quality services.
Plan’s presence on the ground at community level is vital in order to act as a catalyst for positive change. We need to understand best practices together with families, communities and partners to identify the constraints that cause children to remain living in poverty and excluded from opportunity. Once these constraints and potential solutions have been identified, we can help in the transformation of institutions and support community management of quality services. Through scaling-up and working with other networks and alliances, we can influence national policies and advocate for change at international fora and institutions such as the World Bank.
Cornerstone components
The foundations of Child Centred Community Development are strengthened by four fundamental cornerstone components or ways of working:
(a) Partnerships, networking and relationships building
Children and communities rely and depend on outside institutions to provide services, such as health and education, to realise their rights. Child Centred Community Development seeks to involve these stakeholders at all levels. It provides a framework within which to forge networks and make partnerships and alliances between organisations, institutions and others to make them effective, influence policy and transform institutional structures, making them pro-poor, more participatory and child friendly. Relationship and constituency building is essential for linking issues, building knowledge and understanding of those working with the community (government, international and other non-governmental organisations) and working together with them to address the concerns expressed by the community.
An understanding of these relationships, their complexity and linkages is key to identifying the structural and institutional causes of poverty as well as the means through which these causes can be addressed. Through these relationships (including Plan’s own relationship with all the stakeholders) , issues can be addressed from community to policy level. At the same time Plan is responsible for its existing relationship with communities, particularly in those communities that pre-date the Child Centred Community Development model. We recognise that these relationships (not simply systems) must improve and that mutual learning between Plan and community stakeholders is critical for community transformation.
(b) Child centred programming
Plan will work with children as actors in the development process rather than treating them as passive recipients. To ignore the unique contribution of children would be to risk failing to address key issues and concerns and, therefore, the root causes of child poverty. Children will be given an opportunity to play an active part in all stages of the program/project cycle from the identification of issues through research, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. However, child centred approaches must always be contextualised and consideration taken of culture, language, religion, geography, social isolation, kinship and so on.
Children’s concerns are identified through a participatory strategic planning process and causes are identified, discussed and analysed. The program is designed to address the immediate needs but also the institutional causes and does not concentrate solely on the material or infrastructure aspects. Child centred programs identify institutional discrimination toward children and poor families and the opportunities for reform. They build on indigenous knowledge and are supported by technical expertise, in order to provide models of community action that promote replication. Communities and technical experts are equal partners in discussing the problem and identifying the solution. Good examples and models of child centred programs are the Child Friendly School and 100% sanitation.
(c) Facilitating participatory processes
Children and their families must be the owners of their development. Programs need to be cognisant of indigenous knowledge and practices, but Plan recognises that at times these practices are not in the best interests of all children. We have a role and responsibility as participants in the process to inform and bring new knowledge and understanding to the community. We will build community capacity to address their concerns by mobilizing community resources and assisting them in this process. This will require skilled judgement by Plan staff to understand at what points in the process assistance is needed. Poor adults and children are busy just trying to survive and Plan will need to recognise that participatory processes are time consuming but that the time investment pays dividends in relevant development. \
Officials from local government structures and institutions are often unaware of the living conditions of children in poorer and more remote communities. Through participatory processes Plan can facilitate improved understanding and accountability between the decision makers and those to whom they are accountable. Plan has positive experiences of how the participation of children and adults from these ‘invisible’ communities in district situation assessment and planning activities can be effective in extracting commitments to improve service delivery to those communities.
(d) Supporting groups and organisations
The voices of poor, marginalised people are not normally heard in decision-making processes. The capacity of poor children and adults to influence decisions and improve their lives is enhanced if they form their own organisations in which they can work together and speak with a common voice. Plan can play a key role in strengthening collective action and nurturing community solidarity. By strengthening these community-based organisations at whatever level they operate and encouraging the inter-generational approach, Plan can assist in the promotion of democratic civil society that increases a community’s influence on service provision.
However, we must recognise that power relations exist in a community based organisation or a children’s group just as in all other parts of society. Child Centred Community Development requires Plan to develop an understanding of the village structure and power relations and to address the ‘culture of silence’ by proactively engaging the marginalised and promoting transparent systems through participatory monitoring and evaluation.
Challenges ahead
To bring this framework to life will need sustained effort by all of Plan’s staff and the good will, patience and efforts of the numerous stakeholders committed to Plan’s success. The organisational change plan to implement the Strategic Directions will need to have Child Centred Community Development at its heart.
It represents what staff and friends of Plan consider our best path forward to realising our Mission.
Appendix 2: FNS PROJECT MONEV FRAMEWORK
Logframe Reference Indicators Means of Verification Primary Data Source Data Collection Frequency Report Produced
Purpose of PU Model
To reduce child undernutrition by 5%, in Plan’s working area of Lembata, Sikka and Dompu by year 2010
% of underweight among underfive years old boys in Plan’s working area
% of underweight among underfive years old girls in Plan’s working area
- Weighing Report in Plan’s working area (all villages) (W/A)
(Laporan penimbangan dalam area kerja Plan (Semua Desa BB/U)
Collected by ECCD point person at PU level (data available quarterly, from the end of September 2009) - Secondary data from local government
(Data Skunder dari Dinkes/Pemda) - Posyandu Report
- District Health Office (Dinkes Kab) Annually: October
Program Objective 1 –
By December 2010, to increase children’s access to qualified community based health services provided by posyandu in FNS project areas in Lembata, Sikka and Dompu District.
% of Posyandu at the level of Purnama in Plan’s working area
Posyandu Assessment Report District Health Office (Dinkes Kab.)
Annually Posyandu Monitoring Survey
% of underfive boys attend and weighted in Posyandu (as measured by D/S)
% of underfive girls attend and weighted in Posyandu (as measured by D/S)
Note: focus on the trend of coverage in a year, not annual average of D/S
Posyandu report Posyandu Monthly Posyandu Monitoring Survey
% of underfive boys with insufficient weight increase-stagnant weight-reduced weight (as measured by T/D) in Posyandu
% of underfive girls with insufficient weight increase-stagnant weight-reduced weight (as measured by T/D) in Posyandu
Posyandu report
Posyandu cadres/ village midwives/
TPG Puskesmas Monthly Posyandu Monitoring Survey
Program Objective 2–
To increase the proportion of parents/caregivers who have appropriate* knowledge & caring practices for underfive years old boys & girls, in FNS project areas in Lembata, Sikka and Dompu District by December 2010
% of underfive boys who have 3 meals a day
% of underfive girls who have 3 meals a day
- Food Diary
- Households
- Households
- January, May, October
- October (midterm) & Endline
- Food Diary Report
% of parents/ care givers who practice key nutrition behaviors* promoted by the program: EBF, Complementary Feeding, reguler monthly weighing, using iodized salt, vit A supplementation
KPC survey
Households October 2009 (midterm) & Endline
Next: September/October 2009
Survey Report
Program Objective 3:
To improve household food security through increased access, availability, and consumption of food through out the year in FNS project area in Lembata, Sikka, and Dompu by December 2010.
Number of villages with established food security and nutrition village surveillance system to support households’ food and nutrition fulfillment
VFC report Badan Ketahanan Pangan
(Food Security Board) Annually Laporan Situasi Pangan Kabupaten
(District Food Situation Report)
% of vulnerable HHs [1]with underfive children whose improved coping strategy on food security
Home visit report
VFC report HHs
VFC members Monthly (in food unsecured period) Laporan Ketahanan Pangan Keluarga
(Family Food Security Report)
% of underfive boys who consume minimum 4 food groups/day*
% of underfive girls who consume minimum 4 food groups/day*
Food Diversity Diary Survey HHs On January, May, and October Food diary survey report
Program Objective 4:
By December 2010, minimum package of integrated intervention on FNS has been defined, documented and shared with local government, national and international bodies
% of well functioning and sustainable Village Food Committees created
VFC/ ECCD committee performance tool
VFC members
Village government Every 6 months VFC/ ECCD committee Performance Report
Number of documents produced and shared on effective integrated FNS intervention/ events organized, both in Indonesia and internationally · Minutes of LLG meetings
· Minutes of meeting with other development agents
· Documents (program’s module/manuals)
· Published articles LLG Members Every 6 months · Annual Progress Report
· FNS Buletin,
· Video
· Articles about FNS
Appendix 3. Program Location
District Sub-district Village #HH with under-5 children #under-5 children Remarks
Boys Girls Total
Dompu Hu’u Adu 204 96 120 216 PilotVillage
Dompu Hu’u Sawe 160 99 78 177 PilotVillage
Dompu Hu’u Daha 253 137 151 288 PilotVillage
Dompu Pajo Ranggo 580 433 241 674 Scale Up Village
Dompu Dompu Mbawi 305 136 222 358 Scale Up Village
Dompu Manggelewa Banggo 206 101 118 219 Scale Up Village
Sikka Tanawawo Detubinga 114 74 47 121 PilotVillage
Sikka Mego Wolodhesa 77 56 43 99 PilotVillage
Sikka Talibura Wailamung 186 101 106 207 PilotVillage
Sikka Waiblama Tanarawa 142 98 80 178 PilotVillage
Sikka Magepanda Kolisia 283 175 165 340 Scale Up Village
Sikka Magepanda Magepanda 309 226 172 398 Scale Up Village
Sikka Magepanda Done 122 95 83 178 Scale Up Village
Sikka Magepanda Reroroja 279 167 176 343 Scale Up Village
Lembata Lebatukan Waienga 63 51 31 82 PilotVillage
Lembata Lebatukan Lerahinga 38 29 24 53 PilotVillage
Lembata Lebatukan Merdeka 65 38 35 73 Scale Up Village
Lembata Ile Ape Watodiri 55 36 24 60 Scale Up Village
Lembata Ile Ape Dulitukan 83 43 44 87 Scale Up Village
Lembata Ile Ape Waowala 62 38 33 71 PilotVillage
Lembata Ile Ape Bunga Muda 65 35 30 65 Scale Up Village
Total 3651 2264 2023 4287
____________ _________ _________ __
[1]Needs to be defined 20 HHs that is categorized as vulnerable HH per village and coping strategy in local context.
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